# Turbo

The speed of a single-page web application without having to write any JavaScript

Repository: https://github.com/hotwired/turbo
Canonical: https://ross.abutalabs.com/products/turbo
Homepage: https://turbo.hotwired.dev
Language: JavaScript
License: MIT
License Family: permissive
Last push: 2026-08-26T16:32:45+00:00
Link (homepage): https://turbo.hotwired.dev
Link (site_page): https://turbo.hotwired.dev/handbook/installing

## Health v2 (maintenance only)
Score: 88/100 (v2, computed 2026-09-02T17:46:02.011165+00:00)
- activity 99, release rhythm 68, longevity 100
- inputs: {"age_days": 2095, "days_push": 7, "days_rel": 216, "gap_med": 27, "n_releases_24m": 10}
- flags: none
- formula: round(0.45*activity + 0.35*rhythm + 0.20*longevity); archived -> min(score, 10)

## Adoption (not part of the score)
Stars 7377, forks 492 (observed 2026-08-28T04:09:58.585367+00:00)

## What it is
Turbo is a JavaScript library from the Hotwire stack that accelerates links and form submissions, decomposes pages into lazily loaded frames, and streams HTML page changes over WebSocket or SSE. It lets server-rendered applications feel like single-page apps without writing custom JavaScript, and pairs with Turbo Native for iOS and Android apps.

## Use cases
- make a server-rendered app feel like a single-page application without writing JavaScript
- update parts of a page in real time over WebSocket using only HTML
- lazy-load independent sections of a page with Turbo Frames
- accelerate form submissions and navigation without full page reloads
- wrap a web app in native iOS and Android shells with Turbo Native
- add reactive UI to a Rails monolith via the turbo-rails gem

## When to choose
- you have a server-rendered app (especially Rails) and want SPA-like speed without a JavaScript frontend framework
- you want real-time page updates delivered as HTML over WebSocket or SSE
- you prefer HTML-over-the-wire over building and maintaining a JSON API plus SPA
- you want to reuse your web app as the core of native mobile apps

## When to avoid
- you need a highly interactive client-side UI with complex local state and offline support
- your frontend is already built with React, Vue, or another SPA framework
- you need a JSON API for third-party clients rather than HTML delivery
- you require fine-grained client-side rendering control that HTML-over-the-wire cannot provide

## Facets
- artifact type: library
- maturity: stable
- function: frontend-framework, ssr, websocket, templating
- domain: web-development, frontend
- platform: browser
- tags: hotwire, html-over-the-wire, turbo-drive, turbo-frames, turbo-streams, turbo-native, ruby-on-rails, spa-alternative, nodejs, web-server

## Member repositories
- hotwired/turbo (main) score 88
- hotwired/turbo-rails (plugin) score 84

## Provenance
- Observed fields: from GitHub, fetched 2026-08-28T04:09:58.585367+00:00.
- Health v2: computed from the inputs above; adoption is never an input.
- Inferred fields (summary, facets, guidance): AI-extracted, prompt v1, taxonomy v1, on 2026-08-29T17:38:22.798007+00:00, confidence not recorded.
  - readme: https://github.com/hotwired/turbo (fetched 2026-08-28T04:09:58.585367+00:00, sha a0d05b616df5)
  - homepage: https://turbo.hotwired.dev (fetched 2026-08-29T08:33:55.414206+00:00, sha 76f02c21cf42)
  - site_page: https://turbo.hotwired.dev/handbook/installing (fetched 2026-08-29T08:33:55.423151+00:00, sha 6a7d7715e142)
- Data as of 2026-08-30T08:39:29.467469+00:00.